29 Dec 2020

Which SQL causes a Table Rewrite in Postgres?

EDIT: Updated to v17 (devel) - (Jan 2024).


While developing SQL based applications, it is commonplace to stumble on these 2 questions:

  1. What DDLs would block concurrent workload?
  2. Whether a DDL is going to rewrite the table (and in some cases may need ~ 2x disk space)?

Although completely answering Question 1 is beyond the scope of this post, one of the important pieces that helps answering both of these questions is whether a DDL is going to cause a relfilenode change..

For a brief background, each regular table in Postgres stores data in one or more files, each of which is referenced in the postgres catalog with a relfilenode. A simple way to check whether the current implementation is going to create / refer to another copy (file) is whether the relfilenode changes. (TRUNCATE is a standout here, which by design is going to purge the table data, so although the relfilenode would change here, in total it obviously wouldn't consume anywhere close to 2x disk-space)

The table below shows which DDLs would cause a table rewrite. As has been discussed here, we need some more info to completely answer Question 1, however meanwhile this table helps in making some concurrency / disk-usage related decisions for all Postgres versions supported today.



3 comments:

intgr said...

Additionally, `ALTER TABLE ALTER COLUMN TYPE TEXT` can avoid a rewrite if the old type is binary compatible. For example when increasing the length limit of VARCHAR(n), or converting VARCHAR(n) to TEXT.

James Zicrov said...
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Robins Tharakan said...

@intgr - Appreciate the feedback. Updated the grid with said feedback.

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